【Brain computer interface（1）】

      What does the brain computer interface mean?

The brain computer interface (BCI), also called brain-machine interface (BMI), direct neural interface (DNI), neural-control interface (NCI), or mind-machine interface(MMI), is a device that translates neuronal information into commands capable of controlling external software or hardware, like systems that connect up the human brain to external technology or  a computer to interact and communicate with a brain.

BCIs are communication and control systems that do not depend on the brain’s normal output pathways such as peripheral nerves and muscles. Hence, BCIs provide alternate methods to interact with the outside world not only for healthy people but also for patients who cannot use their muscles but are cognitively intact. For example, Stephen Hawking previously used eye-tracking technology, after that used his cheek muscle to communicate with the world.

BCI can decode human intent from brain activity alone to create an alternate communication channel for people with severe motor impairments. BCI receive brain signals, analyze signals, and translate signals into commands that are relayed to output devices that carry out desired actions.  The idea of a BCI is to enable a new communication channel that bypasses the standard neural. The technology of a BCI based on non-invasive surface electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. It does not require any external devices or muscle intervention to issue commands and complete the interaction.

BCI is a powerful technology, with proven potential to radically change the way that humans interact with the environment and with each other. By enabling a connection between the brains and the outside world, BCI technology makes it possible for people who can’t communicate through movement or speech to express their thoughts, enables people to control devices with their minds, and could even have the potential to one act as an extension of themselves.

 

What is an ElectroEncephaloGram (EEG)?

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a test that detects electrical activity in the brain using small flat metal discs (electrodes) attached to the scalp with thin wires. Brain cells communicate with each other through electrical impulses. An EEG can be used to help evaluate potential problems associated through tracking and recording brain wave patterns. The electrodes analyze the electrical impulses that look like wavy lines with peaks and valleys in the brain and send signals to a computer that records the results. Normal electrical activity in the brain makes a recognizable pattern. Using an EEG, doctors can look for abnormal pattern and associate with certain brain disorders to indicate seizure disorders (like epilepsy) and other problems, such as head injury, encephalitis, stroke, brain tumour, memory problem, encephalopathy, sleep disorders, dementia,…

脑(计算)机接口是什么意思？

脑(计算)机接口（BCI），也称为脑机接口（BMI），直接神经接口（DNI），神经控制接口（NCI）或心机接口（MMI），是将神经元信息转换为能够控制外部软件或硬件的命令，例如将人脑连接到外部技术系统或计算机以与大脑进行交互和通信的系统。

BCI是一种通讯和控制系统，它不依赖于大脑正常的输出路径（例如z周边的神经和肌肉）。因此，BCI提供了与外界互动的替代方法，不仅适用于健康人，还适用于无法使用其肌肉但在认知上完好无损的患者。例如，史蒂芬·霍金（Stephen Hawking）以前使用眼睛追踪技术来控制的，后来用脸颊的肌肉与世界交流。

BCI可以从单独的大脑活动解码人的意图，从而为患有严重运动障碍的人创建替代的交流渠道。 BCI接收大脑信号，分析信号并将信号转换为命令，这些命令将被传达到执行所需动作的输出设备。 BCI的想法是启用一个绕过标准神经的新通信渠道。基于无创表面脑电图（EEG）记录的BCI技术。不需要任何外部设备或肌肉干预即可发出命令并完成交互

BCI是一项强大的技术，已被证明具有可以从根本上改变人类与环境以及彼此之间互动方式的潜力。通过实现大脑与外部世界之间的连接，BCI技术使无法通过运动或语音进行交流的人们能够表达自己的想法，使人们能够用自己的思想来控制设备，甚至具有潜在自我延伸的潜力。

什么是脑电图（EEG）？

脑电图（EEG）是一项测试，该测试使用细金属线附着在头皮上的小型扁平金属圆盘（电极）来检测大脑中的电活动。脑细胞通过电脉冲相互通信。脑电图可用于通过跟踪和记录脑电波模式来帮助评估潜在的问题。电极分析的电脉冲看起来像在大脑中带峰和谷的波浪线，然后将信号发送到记录结果的计算机。大脑中的正常电活动是可识别的模式。使用脑电图，医生可以查找异常模式并与某些脑部疾病相关，以指示癫痫发作（例如癫痫病）和其他问题，例如头部受伤，脑炎，中风，脑瘤，记忆力问题，脑病，睡眠障碍，痴呆，…